Peliosis hepatis

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{{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: K76.4| {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: D010382| {{#if: |
Peliosis hepatis
Classification & external resources
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ICD-10 K76.4}}
ICD-9 }}
ICD-O: }}
OMIM [1] }}
DiseasesDB [2] }}
MedlinePlus [3] }}
eMedicine search | topic list | / }} }}
MeSH D010382 }}
MeSH {{{MeshNumber}}}}}

Peliosis Hepatis is an uncommon vascular condition characterised by randomly distributed multiple blood-filled cavities throughout liver. Size of the cavities usually ranges between a few millimetres to 3 cm in diameter[1]. In the past it was a mere histological curiosity occasionally found at autopsies but has been increasingly recognised with wide ranging conditions from AIDS to the use of anabolic steroids. It also occasionally affects spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands, bone marrow and other parts of gastrointestinal tract.[2].

Peliosis hepatis is often erroneously written "peliosis hepatitis", despite its not being one of the hepatitides. The correct term arises from the Greek pelios, i.e. discoloured by extravasated blood, livid[3], and the Latinized Genitive case (hepatis[4]) of the Greek hepar, liver[5].

Contents

Pathophysiology

The pathogenesis of peliosis hepatis is unknown. There are several hypotheses, such as, it arise from sinusoidal epithelial damage[6], increased sinusoidal pressure due to obstruction in blood outflow from the live, or hepatocellular necrosis[1].

Two morphologic patterns of hepatic peliosis were described by Yanoff and Rawson [7]. In the phlebectatic type, the blood-filled spaces are lined with endothelium and are associated with aneurismal dilatation of the central vein; in the parenchymal type, the spaces have no endothelial lining and they usually are associated with haemorrhagic parenchymal necrosis. Some considers both pattern to be one process, initiated by focal necrosis of liver parenchyma observed in parenchymal type progressing into formation of fibrous wall and endothelial lining around haemorrhage of phebectatic type. Fibrosis, cirrhosis, regenerative nodules, and tumours may also be seen.

Disease associations

Clinical features

The condition is typically asymptomatic and is discovered following evaluation of abnormal liver function test. However, when severe it can manifest as jaundice, hepatomegaly, liver failure and haemoperitoneum.

Treatment

Usually directed towards management of underlying cause. Withdrawal of azathioprine leads to remission in renal transplant, bacillary peliosis responds to antibiotics. In rare circumstances partial resection of liver or transplant may be required.

Other cystic conditions of liver

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 {{ #if: Sleisenger | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Sleisenger | Sleisenger{{ #if: Marvin | , Marvin }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Sleisenger | Sleisenger{{ #if: Marvin | , Marvin }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Sleisenger | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{ #if: 2006 | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} 2006) | (2006) }} }} }}{{ #if: Sleisenger | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: | [{{{url}}} Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease] | Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{ #if: W.B. Saunders Company | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: Philadelphia | Philadelphia: }}W.B. Saunders Company }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 1416002456 | . ISBN 1416002456 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }}  Chapter 80
  2. ↑ {{#if:Ichijima K, Kobashi Y, Yamabe H, Fujii Y, Inoue Y |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Ichijima K, Kobashi Y, Yamabe H, Fujii Y, Inoue Y }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Ichijima K, Kobashi Y, Yamabe H, Fujii Y, Inoue Y }} }} }}{{#if:Ichijima K, Kobashi Y, Yamabe H, Fujii Y, Inoue Y |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1980 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1980) | (1980) }} }} }}{{#if:Ichijima K, Kobashi Y, Yamabe H, Fujii Y, Inoue Y | . }}{{#if:Ichijima K, Kobashi Y, Yamabe H, Fujii Y, Inoue Y1980 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Peliosis hepatis. An unusual case involving multiple organs] |Peliosis hepatis. An unusual case involving multiple organs }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Acta Pathol. Jpn. |. Acta Pathol. Jpn. }}{{#if:30 | 30 }}{{#if:1 | (1) }}{{#if:109-20 |: 109-20 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:7361545 |. PMID 7361545 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  3. ↑ {{
    1. if: {{#if: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2380479 | {{#if: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon |1}}}}
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    | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. {{#if: ||}} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | ({{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}|{{{date}}}|[[{{{date}}}]]|{{{date}}}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}} }}{{#if: | . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}: }}{{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon | [{{{archiveurl}}} Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2380479 | {{#if: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon | Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon }}}} }}{{#if: | () }}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | . ' }}{{#if: | {{{pages}}} }}{{#if: | . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: ||{{#if: | ({{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}|{{{date}}}|[[{{{date}}}]]|{{{date}}}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }} }}.{{#if: | Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]]. }}{{#if: | DOI:{{{doi}}}. }}{{#if: 2007-06-11 | Retrieved on 2007-06-11{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}. }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}. }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}. }}{{#if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }}
  4. ↑ {{
    1. if: {{#if: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2320439 | {{#if: Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary |1}}}}
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  5. ↑ {{
    1. if: {{#if: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2347443 | {{#if: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon |1}}}}
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    | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. {{#if: ||}} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | ({{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}|{{{date}}}|[[{{{date}}}]]|{{{date}}}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}} }}{{#if: | . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}: }}{{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon | [{{{archiveurl}}} Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2347443 | {{#if: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon | Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon }}}} }}{{#if: | () }}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | . ' }}{{#if: | {{{pages}}} }}{{#if: | . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: ||{{#if: | ({{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}|{{{date}}}|[[{{{date}}}]]|{{{date}}}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }} }}.{{#if: | Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]]. }}{{#if: | DOI:{{{doi}}}. }}{{#if: 2007-07-02 | Retrieved on 2007-07-02{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}. }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}. }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}. }}{{#if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }}
  6. ↑ {{#if:Gushiken FC |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Gushiken FC }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Gushiken FC }} }} }}{{#if:Gushiken FC |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2000 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2000) | (2000) }} }} }}{{#if:Gushiken FC | . }}{{#if:Gushiken FC2000 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Peliosis hepatis after treatment with 2-chloro-3'-deoxyadenosine] |Peliosis hepatis after treatment with 2-chloro-3'-deoxyadenosine }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:South. Med. J. |. South. Med. J. }}{{#if:93 | 93 }}{{#if:6 | (6) }}{{#if:625-6 |: 625-6 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:10881786 |. PMID 10881786 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  7. ↑ {{#if:YANOFF M, RAWSON AJ |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |YANOFF M, RAWSON AJ }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |YANOFF M, RAWSON AJ }} }} }}{{#if:YANOFF M, RAWSON AJ |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1964 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1964) | (1964) }} }} }}{{#if:YANOFF M, RAWSON AJ | . }}{{#if:YANOFF M, RAWSON AJ1964 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} PELIOSIS HEPATIS. AN ANATOMIC STUDY WITH DEMONSTRATION OF TWO VARIETIES] |PELIOSIS HEPATIS. AN ANATOMIC STUDY WITH DEMONSTRATION OF TWO VARIETIES }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Archives of pathology |. Archives of pathology }}{{#if:77 | 77 }}{{#if: | () }}{{#if:159-65 |: 159-65 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:14088761 |. PMID 14088761 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  8. ↑ {{#if:Koehler JE, Sanchez MA, Garrido CS, Whitfeld MJ, Chen FM, Berger TG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, LeBoit PE, Tappero JW |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Koehler JE, Sanchez MA, Garrido CS, Whitfeld MJ, Chen FM, Berger TG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, LeBoit PE, Tappero JW }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Koehler JE, Sanchez MA, Garrido CS, Whitfeld MJ, Chen FM, Berger TG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, LeBoit PE, Tappero JW }} }} }}{{#if:Koehler JE, Sanchez MA, Garrido CS, Whitfeld MJ, Chen FM, Berger TG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, LeBoit PE, Tappero JW |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1997 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1997) | (1997) }} }} }}{{#if:Koehler JE, Sanchez MA, Garrido CS, Whitfeld MJ, Chen FM, Berger TG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, LeBoit PE, Tappero JW | . }}{{#if:Koehler JE, Sanchez MA, Garrido CS, Whitfeld MJ, Chen FM, Berger TG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, LeBoit PE, Tappero JW1997 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Molecular epidemiology of bartonella infections in patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis] |Molecular epidemiology of bartonella infections in patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:N. Engl. J. Med. |. N. Engl. J. Med. }}{{#if:337 | 337 }}{{#if:26 | (26) }}{{#if:1876-83 |: 1876-83 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:9407154 |. PMID 9407154 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  9. ↑ {{#if:Perkocha LA, Geaghan SM, Yen TS, Nishimura SL, Chan SP, Garcia-Kennedy R, Honda G, Stoloff AC, Klein HZ, Goldman RL |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Perkocha LA, Geaghan SM, Yen TS, Nishimura SL, Chan SP, Garcia-Kennedy R, Honda G, Stoloff AC, Klein HZ, Goldman RL }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Perkocha LA, Geaghan SM, Yen TS, Nishimura SL, Chan SP, Garcia-Kennedy R, Honda G, Stoloff AC, Klein HZ, Goldman RL }} }} }}{{#if:Perkocha LA, Geaghan SM, Yen TS, Nishimura SL, Chan SP, Garcia-Kennedy R, Honda G, Stoloff AC, Klein HZ, Goldman RL |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1990 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1990) | (1990) }} }} }}{{#if:Perkocha LA, Geaghan SM, Yen TS, Nishimura SL, Chan SP, Garcia-Kennedy R, Honda G, Stoloff AC, Klein HZ, Goldman RL | . }}{{#if:Perkocha LA, Geaghan SM, Yen TS, Nishimura SL, Chan SP, Garcia-Kennedy R, Honda G, Stoloff AC, Klein HZ, Goldman RL1990 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Clinical and pathological features of bacillary peliosis hepatis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection] |Clinical and pathological features of bacillary peliosis hepatis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:N. Engl. J. Med. |. N. Engl. J. Med. }}{{#if:323 | 323 }}{{#if:23 | (23) }}{{#if:1581-6 |: 1581-6 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:2233946 |. PMID 2233946 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  10. ↑ {{#if:Haboubi NY, Ali HH, Whitwell HL, Ackrill P |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Haboubi NY, Ali HH, Whitwell HL, Ackrill P }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Haboubi NY, Ali HH, Whitwell HL, Ackrill P }} }} }}{{#if:Haboubi NY, Ali HH, Whitwell HL, Ackrill P |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1988 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1988) | (1988) }} }} }}{{#if:Haboubi NY, Ali HH, Whitwell HL, Ackrill P | . }}{{#if:Haboubi NY, Ali HH, Whitwell HL, Ackrill P1988 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Role of endothelial cell injury in the spectrum of azathioprine-induced liver disease after renal transplant: light microscopy and ultrastructural observations] |Role of endothelial cell injury in the spectrum of azathioprine-induced liver disease after renal transplant: light microscopy and ultrastructural observations }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Am. J. Gastroenterol. |. Am. J. Gastroenterol. }}{{#if:83 | 83 }}{{#if:3 | (3) }}{{#if:256-61 |: 256-61 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:3278593 |. PMID 3278593 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  11. ↑ {{#if:Izumi S, Nishiuchi M, Kameda Y, Nagano S, Fukunishi T, Kohro T, Shinji Y |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Izumi S, Nishiuchi M, Kameda Y, Nagano S, Fukunishi T, Kohro T, Shinji Y }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Izumi S, Nishiuchi M, Kameda Y, Nagano S, Fukunishi T, Kohro T, Shinji Y }} }} }}{{#if:Izumi S, Nishiuchi M, Kameda Y, Nagano S, Fukunishi T, Kohro T, Shinji Y |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1994 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1994) | (1994) }} }} }}{{#if:Izumi S, Nishiuchi M, Kameda Y, Nagano S, Fukunishi T, Kohro T, Shinji Y | . }}{{#if:Izumi S, Nishiuchi M, Kameda Y, Nagano S, Fukunishi T, Kohro T, Shinji Y1994 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Laparoscopic study of peliosis hepatis and nodular transformation of the liver before and after renal transplantation: natural history and aetiology in follow-up cases] |Laparoscopic study of peliosis hepatis and nodular transformation of the liver before and after renal transplantation: natural history and aetiology in follow-up cases }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:J. Hepatol. |. J. Hepatol. }}{{#if:20 | 20 }}{{#if:1 | (1) }}{{#if:129-37 |: 129-37 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:8201214 |. PMID 8201214 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  12. ↑ {{#if:Cavalcanti R, Pol S, Carnot F, Campos H, Degott C, Driss F, Legendre C, Kreis H |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Cavalcanti R, Pol S, Carnot F, Campos H, Degott C, Driss F, Legendre C, Kreis H }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Cavalcanti R, Pol S, Carnot F, Campos H, Degott C, Driss F, Legendre C, Kreis H }} }} }}{{#if:Cavalcanti R, Pol S, Carnot F, Campos H, Degott C, Driss F, Legendre C, Kreis H |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1994 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1994) | (1994) }} }} }}{{#if:Cavalcanti R, Pol S, Carnot F, Campos H, Degott C, Driss F, Legendre C, Kreis H | . }}{{#if:Cavalcanti R, Pol S, Carnot F, Campos H, Degott C, Driss F, Legendre C, Kreis H1994 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Impact and evolution of peliosis hepatis in renal transplant recipients] |Impact and evolution of peliosis hepatis in renal transplant recipients }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Transplantation |. Transplantation }}{{#if:58 | 58 }}{{#if:3 | (3) }}{{#if:315-6 |: 315-6 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:8053054 |. PMID 8053054 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  13. ↑ {{ #if: Goldman | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Goldman | Goldman{{ #if: Lee | , Lee }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Goldman | Goldman{{ #if: Lee | , Lee }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Goldman | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{ #if: 2003 | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} 2003) | (2003) }} }} }}{{ #if: Goldman | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: | [{{{url}}} Cecil Textbook of Medicine -- 2-Volume Set, Text with Continually Updated Online Reference] | Cecil Textbook of Medicine -- 2-Volume Set, Text with Continually Updated Online Reference }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{ #if: W.B. Saunders Company | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: Philadelphia | Philadelphia: }}W.B. Saunders Company }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 0721645631 | . ISBN 0721645631 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} 
{{#if:|}}{{#if:Esophagitis - GERD - Achalasia - Boerhaave syndrome - Nutcracker esophagus - Zenker's diverticulum - Mallory-Weiss syndrome - Barrett's esophagus|{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#if:EsophagusStomach/
duodenumHerniaNoninfective enteritis and colitisOther intestinalLiver/hepatitisAccessory digestiveOther/general|false|true}}|true|}}}}{{#if:Esophagus|}}{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:Peptic (gastric/duodenal) ulcer - Gastritis - Gastroenteritis - Duodenitis - Dyspepsia - Pyloric stenosis - Achlorhydria - Gastroparesis - Gastroptosis - Portal hypertensive gastropathy|{{#if:Stomach/
duodenum|}}}}{{#if:Inguinal (Indirect, Direct) - Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic - Hiatus|{{#if:Hernia|}}}}{{#if:IBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) - noninfective gastroenteritis|{{#if:Noninfective enteritis and colitis|}}}}{{#if:vascular (Abdominal angina, Mesenteric ischemia, Ischemic colitis, Angiodysplasia) - Ileus/Bowel obstruction (Intussusception, Volvulus) - Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis - IBS
other functional intestinal disorders (Constipation, Diarrhea, Megacolon/Toxic megacolon, Proctalgia fugax) - Anal fissure/Anal fistula - Anal abscess - Rectal prolapse - Proctitis (Radiation proctitis)|{{#if:Other intestinal|}}}}{{#if:Alcoholic liver disease - Liver failure (Acute liver failure) - Cirrhosis - PBC - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome|{{#if:Liver/hepatitis|}}}}{{#if:Gallbladder (Gallstones, Choledocholithiasis, Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses)

Biliary tree (Cholangitis, Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome, PSC, Biliary fistula, Ascending cholangitis)

Pancreas (Acute pancreatitis, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic pseudocyst, Hereditary pancreatitis)|{{#if:Accessory digestive|}}}}{{#if:Appendicitis - Peritonitis (Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) Malabsorption (celiac, Tropical sprue, Blind loop syndrome, Whipple's) postprocedural:Gastric dumping syndrome - Postcholecystectomy syndromebleeding:Hematemesis - Melena - Gastrointestinal bleeding (Upper, Lower)|{{#if:Other/general|}}}}{{#if:See also congenital|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|{{#if:|}}}}{{#if:|}}
{{#ifeq:|plain||{{#if:| |
}}{{#ifeq:1|1||This box: }}{{#ifeq:|1|{{#if:|view|v}}|{{#if:1|v|view}} • {{#if:1|d|talk}} • {{#if:1|e|edit}}}}{{#if:|</span> |
}} }}
Digestive system - Gastroenterology (primarily K20-K93, 530-579)
EsophagusEsophagitis - GERD - Achalasia - Boerhaave syndrome - Nutcracker esophagus - Zenker's diverticulum - Mallory-Weiss syndrome - Barrett's esophagus
Stomach/
duodenum		Peptic (gastric/duodenal) ulcer - Gastritis - Gastroenteritis - Duodenitis - Dyspepsia - Pyloric stenosis - Achlorhydria - Gastroparesis - Gastroptosis - Portal hypertensive gastropathy
HerniaInguinal (Indirect, Direct) - Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic - Hiatus
Noninfective enteritis and colitisIBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) - noninfective gastroenteritis
Other intestinalvascular (Abdominal angina, Mesenteric ischemia, Ischemic colitis, Angiodysplasia) - Ileus/Bowel obstruction (Intussusception, Volvulus) - Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis - IBS
other functional intestinal disorders (Constipation, Diarrhea, Megacolon/Toxic megacolon, Proctalgia fugax) - Anal fissure/Anal fistula - Anal abscess - Rectal prolapse - Proctitis (Radiation proctitis)
Liver/hepatitisAlcoholic liver disease - Liver failure (Acute liver failure) - Cirrhosis - PBC - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome
Accessory digestiveGallbladder (Gallstones, Choledocholithiasis, Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses)

Biliary tree (Cholangitis, Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome, PSC, Biliary fistula, Ascending cholangitis)

Pancreas (Acute pancreatitis, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic pseudocyst, Hereditary pancreatitis)
Other/generalAppendicitis - Peritonitis (Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis)

Malabsorption (celiac, Tropical sprue, Blind loop syndrome, Whipple's)

postprocedural: Gastric dumping syndrome - Postcholecystectomy syndrome

bleeding: Hematemesis - Melena - Gastrointestinal bleeding (Upper, Lower)
See also congenital
]]

Template:Cystic diseasesde:Peliosis hepatis

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