Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

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{{#if: Eos gastroen.jpg| {{#if: H&E Stain: Dense Eosinophilic infiltration of gastro-duodenal wall| {{#if: K52.8| {{#if: 558.3| {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: 32555| {{#if: | {{#if: med| {{#if: | {{#if: |
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Classification & external resources
Image:Eos gastroen.jpg
}}
H&E Stain: Dense Eosinophilic infiltration of gastro-duodenal wall}}
ICD-10 K52.8}}
ICD-9 558.3}}
ICD-O: }}
OMIM [1] }}
DiseasesDB 32555 }}
MedlinePlus [2] }}
eMedicine search | topic list | med/688 }} }}
MeSH [3] }}
MeSH {{{MeshNumber}}}}}

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is a rare and heterogeneous condition characterized by patchy or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, first described by Kaijser in 1937 [1] [2]. Presentation may vary depending on location as well as depth and extent of bowel wall involvement and usually runs a chronic relapsing course. It can be classified into mucosal, muscular and serosal types based on the depth of involvement. [3][4] Any part of the GI tract can be affected, and isolated biliary tract involvement has also been reported[5][6]. The stomach is the organ most commonly affected, followed by the small intestine and the colon [7][8].

Contents

Pathophysiology

Peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE are usual but not universal. The damage to the gastrointestinal tract wall is caused by eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation[9].

As a part of host defense mechanism, eosinophil is normally present in gastrointestinal mucosa, though finding in deeper tissue is almost always pathologic [10]. What triggers such dense infiltration in EG is not clear. It is possible that different pathogenetic mechanisms of disease is involved in several subgroups of patients. Food allergy and variable IgE response to food substances has been observed in some patients which implies role of hypersensitive response in pathogenesis. Many patients indeed have history of other atopic conditions like eczema, asthma etc.

Eosinophil recruitment into inflammatory tissue is a complex process, regulated by a number of inflammatory cytokines. In EG cytokines IL-3, IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may be behind the recruitement and activation. They have been observed immunohistochemically in diseased intestinal wall [11]. In addition eotaxin has been shown to have an integral role in regulating the homing of eosinophils into the lamina propria of stomach and small intestine [12]. In the allergic subtype of disease, it is thought that food allergens cross the intestinal mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response that includes mast cell degranulation and recruitment of eosinophils [13].

Symptoms and signs

EG typically presents with a combination of chronic nonspecific GI symptoms which include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal distension. Approximately 80% have symptoms for several years[14]; a high degree of clinical suspicion is often required to establish the diagnosis, as the disease is extremely rare. Occasionally, the disease may manifest itself as an acute abdomen or bowel obstruction[15][16].

Diagnosis

Image:CT gastroent.jpg
Spiral CT showing ascites and concentric thickening of colon and ileum in EG

Talley et al.[21] suggested 3 diagnostic criteria which is still widely used:

  1. the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms,
  2. histological demonstration of eosinophilic infiltration in one or more areas of the gastrointestinal tract or presence of high eosinophil count in ascitic fluid (latter usually indicates subserosal variety),
  3. no evidence of parasitic or extraintestinal disease.

Hypereosinophilia, the hallmark of allergic response, may be absent in up to 20% of patients, but hypoalbuminaemia and other abnormalities suggestive of malabsorption may be present.

CT scan may show nodular and irregular thickening of the folds in the distal stomach and proximal small bowel, but these findings can also be present in other conditions like Crohn's disease and lymphoma.

The endoscopic appearance in eosinophilic gastroenteritis is nonspecific; it includes erythematous, friable, nodular, and occasional ulcerative changes[22]. Sometimes diffuse inflammation results in complete loss of villi, involvement of multiple layers, submucosal oedema and fibrosis.[23][24]

Definitive diagnosis involves histological evidence of eosinophilic infiltration in biopsy slides. Microscopy reveals >20 eosinophils per high power field[21][17]. Infiltration is often patchy , can be missed and laparoscopic full thickness biopsy may be required.

Radio isotope scan using Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocyte SPECT may be useful in assessing the extent of disease and response to treatment but has little value in diagnosis, as the scan does not help differentiating EG from other causes of inflammation[25][26].

When eosinophilic gastroenteritis is observed in association with eosinophilic infiltration of other organ systems, the diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome should be considered[27].

Management

Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy with a 90% response rate in some studies. Appropriate duration of steroid treatment is unknown and relapse often necessitates long term treatment. Various steroid sparing agents e.g. sodium cromoglycate (a stabilizer of mast cell membranes), ketotifen (an antihistamine), and montelukast (a selective, competitive leukotriene receptor antagonist) have been proposed, centering around an allergic hypothesis, with mixed results[28]. An elimination diet may be successful if a limited number of food allergies are identified[29][22].

Epidemiology

Epidemiology may differ between studies, as number of cases are small, with approximately 300 EG cases reported in published literature.

EG can present at any age and across all races, with a slightly higher incidence in males[30]. Earlier studies showed higher incidence in the third to fifth decades of life.[1][3]

Other gastrointestinal conditions associated with allergy

See also

Allergy
Gastroenteritis
Malabsorption

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kaijser R. Zur Kenntnis der allergischen Affektionen des Verdauugskanals vom Standpunkt des Chirurgen aus. Arch Klin Chir 1937; 188:36–64.
  2. ↑ {{#if:Whitaker I, Gulati A, McDaid J, Bugajska-Carr U, Arends M |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Whitaker I, Gulati A, McDaid J, Bugajska-Carr U, Arends M }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Whitaker I, Gulati A, McDaid J, Bugajska-Carr U, Arends M }} }} }}{{#if:Whitaker I, Gulati A, McDaid J, Bugajska-Carr U, Arends M |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2004 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2004) | (2004) }} }} }}{{#if:Whitaker I, Gulati A, McDaid J, Bugajska-Carr U, Arends M | . }}{{#if:Whitaker I, Gulati A, McDaid J, Bugajska-Carr U, Arends M2004 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as obstructive jaundice] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as obstructive jaundice }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology |. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology }}{{#if:16 | 16 }}{{#if:4 | (4) }}{{#if:407-9 |: 407-9 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:15028974 |. PMID 15028974 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 {{#if:Klein N, Hargrove R, Sleisenger M, Jeffries G |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Klein N, Hargrove R, Sleisenger M, Jeffries G }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Klein N, Hargrove R, Sleisenger M, Jeffries G }} }} }}{{#if:Klein N, Hargrove R, Sleisenger M, Jeffries G |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1970 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1970) | (1970) }} }} }}{{#if:Klein N, Hargrove R, Sleisenger M, Jeffries G | . }}{{#if:Klein N, Hargrove R, Sleisenger M, Jeffries G1970 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Medicine (Baltimore) |. Medicine (Baltimore) }}{{#if:49 | 49 }}{{#if:4 | (4) }}{{#if:299-319 |: 299-319 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:5426746 |. PMID 5426746 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  4. ↑ {{#if:Treiber, Treiber |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Treiber, Treiber }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Treiber, Treiber }} }} }}{{#if:Treiber, Treiber |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2007 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2007) | (2007) }} }} }}{{#if:Treiber, Treiber | . }}{{#if:Treiber, Treiber2007 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis] |Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if: |. ' }}{{#if: | ' }}{{#if: | () }}{{#if: |: }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:17428742 |. PMID 17428742 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  5. ↑ {{#if:Polyak S, Smith T, Mertz H |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Polyak S, Smith T, Mertz H }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Polyak S, Smith T, Mertz H }} }} }}{{#if:Polyak S, Smith T, Mertz H |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2002 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2002) | (2002) }} }} }}{{#if:Polyak S, Smith T, Mertz H | . }}{{#if:Polyak S, Smith T, Mertz H2002 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis causing pancreatitis and pancreaticobiliary ductal dilation] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis causing pancreatitis and pancreaticobiliary ductal dilation }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Dig. Dis. Sci. |. Dig. Dis. Sci. }}{{#if:47 | 47 }}{{#if:5 | (5) }}{{#if:1091-5 |: 1091-5 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:12018905 |. PMID 12018905 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  6. ↑ {{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S }} }} }}{{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2002 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2002) | (2002) }} }} }}{{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S | . }}{{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S2002 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking pancreatic cancer] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking pancreatic cancer }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Postgraduate medical journal |. Postgraduate medical journal }}{{#if:78 | 78 }}{{#if:922 | (922) }}{{#if:498-9 |: 498-9 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:12185230 |. PMID 12185230 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  7. ↑ {{#if:Naylor A |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Naylor A }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Naylor A }} }} }}{{#if:Naylor A |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1990 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1990) | (1990) }} }} }}{{#if:Naylor A | . }}{{#if:Naylor A1990 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Scottish medical journal |. Scottish medical journal }}{{#if:35 | 35 }}{{#if:6 | (6) }}{{#if:163-5 |: 163-5 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:2077646 |. PMID 2077646 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  8. ↑ {{#if:Jimenez-Saenz M, Villar-Rodriguez J, Torres Y, Carmona I, Salas-Herrero E, Gonzalez-Vilches J, Herrerias-Gutierrez J |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Jimenez-Saenz M, Villar-Rodriguez J, Torres Y, Carmona I, Salas-Herrero E, Gonzalez-Vilches J, Herrerias-Gutierrez J }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Jimenez-Saenz M, Villar-Rodriguez J, Torres Y, Carmona I, Salas-Herrero E, Gonzalez-Vilches J, Herrerias-Gutierrez J }} }} }}{{#if:Jimenez-Saenz M, Villar-Rodriguez J, Torres Y, Carmona I, Salas-Herrero E, Gonzalez-Vilches J, Herrerias-Gutierrez J |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2003 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2003) | (2003) }} }} }}{{#if:Jimenez-Saenz M, Villar-Rodriguez J, Torres Y, Carmona I, Salas-Herrero E, Gonzalez-Vilches J, Herrerias-Gutierrez J | . }}{{#if:Jimenez-Saenz M, Villar-Rodriguez J, Torres Y, Carmona I, Salas-Herrero E, Gonzalez-Vilches J, Herrerias-Gutierrez J2003 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Biliary tract disease: a rare manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |Biliary tract disease: a rare manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Dig. Dis. Sci. |. Dig. Dis. Sci. }}{{#if:48 | 48 }}{{#if:3 | (3) }}{{#if:624-7 |: 624-7 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:12757181 |. PMID 12757181 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  9. ↑ {{#if:Tan A, Kruimel J, Naber T |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Tan A, Kruimel J, Naber T }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Tan A, Kruimel J, Naber T }} }} }}{{#if:Tan A, Kruimel J, Naber T |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2001 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2001) | (2001) }} }} }}{{#if:Tan A, Kruimel J, Naber T | . }}{{#if:Tan A, Kruimel J, Naber T2001 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis treated with non-enteric-coated budesonide tablets] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis treated with non-enteric-coated budesonide tablets }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology |. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology }}{{#if:13 | 13 }}{{#if:4 | (4) }}{{#if:425-7 |: 425-7 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:11338074 |. PMID 11338074 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  10. ↑ {{#if:Blackshaw A, Levison D |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Blackshaw A, Levison D }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Blackshaw A, Levison D }} }} }}{{#if:Blackshaw A, Levison D |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1986 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1986) | (1986) }} }} }}{{#if:Blackshaw A, Levison D | . }}{{#if:Blackshaw A, Levison D1986 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic infiltrates of the gastrointestinal tract] |Eosinophilic infiltrates of the gastrointestinal tract }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:J. Clin. Pathol. |. J. Clin. Pathol. }}{{#if:39 | 39 }}{{#if:1 | (1) }}{{#if:1-7 |: 1-7 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:2869055 |. PMID 2869055 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  11. ↑ {{#if:Desreumaux P, Bloget F, Seguy D, Capron M, Cortot A, Colombel J, Janin A |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Desreumaux P, Bloget F, Seguy D, Capron M, Cortot A, Colombel J, Janin A }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Desreumaux P, Bloget F, Seguy D, Capron M, Cortot A, Colombel J, Janin A }} }} }}{{#if:Desreumaux P, Bloget F, Seguy D, Capron M, Cortot A, Colombel J, Janin A |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1996 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1996) | (1996) }} }} }}{{#if:Desreumaux P, Bloget F, Seguy D, Capron M, Cortot A, Colombel J, Janin A | . }}{{#if:Desreumaux P, Bloget F, Seguy D, Capron M, Cortot A, Colombel J, Janin A1996 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Interleukin 3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 5 in eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |Interleukin 3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 5 in eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Gastroenterology |. Gastroenterology }}{{#if:110 | 110 }}{{#if:3 | (3) }}{{#if:768-74 |: 768-74 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:8608886 |. PMID 8608886 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  12. ↑ {{#if:Mishra A, Hogan S, Brandt E, Rothenberg M |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Mishra A, Hogan S, Brandt E, Rothenberg M }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Mishra A, Hogan S, Brandt E, Rothenberg M }} }} }}{{#if:Mishra A, Hogan S, Brandt E, Rothenberg M |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2001 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2001) | (2001) }} }} }}{{#if:Mishra A, Hogan S, Brandt E, Rothenberg M | . }}{{#if:Mishra A, Hogan S, Brandt E, Rothenberg M2001 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis] |An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:J. Clin. Invest. |. J. Clin. Invest. }}{{#if:107 | 107 }}{{#if:1 | (1) }}{{#if:83-90 |: 83-90 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:11134183 |. PMID 11134183 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  13. ↑ {{#if:Pérez-Millán A, Martín-Lorente J, López-Morante A, Yuguero L, Sáez-Royuela F |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Pérez-Millán A, Martín-Lorente J, López-Morante A, Yuguero L, Sáez-Royuela F }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Pérez-Millán A, Martín-Lorente J, López-Morante A, Yuguero L, Sáez-Royuela F }} }} }}{{#if:Pérez-Millán A, Martín-Lorente J, López-Morante A, Yuguero L, Sáez-Royuela F |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1997 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1997) | (1997) }} }} }}{{#if:Pérez-Millán A, Martín-Lorente J, López-Morante A, Yuguero L, Sáez-Royuela F | . }}{{#if:Pérez-Millán A, Martín-Lorente J, López-Morante A, Yuguero L, Sáez-Royuela F1997 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Subserosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis treated efficaciously with sodium cromoglycate] |Subserosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis treated efficaciously with sodium cromoglycate }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Dig. Dis. Sci. |. Dig. Dis. Sci. }}{{#if:42 | 42 }}{{#if:2 | (2) }}{{#if:342-4 |: 342-4 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:9052516 |. PMID 9052516 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  14. ↑ {{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S }} }} }}{{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2002 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2002) | (2002) }} }} }}{{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S | . }}{{#if:Christopher V, Thompson M, Hughes S2002 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking pancreatic cancer] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking pancreatic cancer }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Postgraduate medical journal |. Postgraduate medical journal }}{{#if:78 | 78 }}{{#if:922 | (922) }}{{#if:498-9 |: 498-9 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:12185230 |. PMID 12185230 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  15. ↑ {{#if:Shweiki E, West J, Klena J, Kelley S, Colley A, Bross R, Tyler W |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Shweiki E, West J, Klena J, Kelley S, Colley A, Bross R, Tyler W }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Shweiki E, West J, Klena J, Kelley S, Colley A, Bross R, Tyler W }} }} }}{{#if:Shweiki E, West J, Klena J, Kelley S, Colley A, Bross R, Tyler W |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1999 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1999) | (1999) }} }} }}{{#if:Shweiki E, West J, Klena J, Kelley S, Colley A, Bross R, Tyler W | . }}{{#if:Shweiki E, West J, Klena J, Kelley S, Colley A, Bross R, Tyler W1999 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as an obstructing cecal mass--a case report and review of the literature] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as an obstructing cecal mass--a case report and review of the literature }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Am. J. Gastroenterol. |. Am. J. Gastroenterol. }}{{#if:94 | 94 }}{{#if:12 | (12) }}{{#if:3644-5 |: 3644-5 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:10606337 |. PMID 10606337 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  16. ↑ {{#if:Tran D, Salloum L, Tshibaka C, Moser R |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Tran D, Salloum L, Tshibaka C, Moser R }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Tran D, Salloum L, Tshibaka C, Moser R }} }} }}{{#if:Tran D, Salloum L, Tshibaka C, Moser R |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2000 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2000) | (2000) }} }} }}{{#if:Tran D, Salloum L, Tshibaka C, Moser R | . }}{{#if:Tran D, Salloum L, Tshibaka C, Moser R2000 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking acute appendicitis] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking acute appendicitis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:The American surgeon |. The American surgeon }}{{#if:66 | 66 }}{{#if:10 | (10) }}{{#if:990-2 |: 990-2 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:11261632 |. PMID 11261632 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 {{#if:Baig M, Qadir A, Rasheed J |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Baig M, Qadir A, Rasheed J }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Baig M, Qadir A, Rasheed J }} }} }}{{#if:Baig M, Qadir A, Rasheed J |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2006 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2006) | (2006) }} }} }}{{#if:Baig M, Qadir A, Rasheed J | . }}{{#if:Baig M, Qadir A, Rasheed J2006 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} A review of eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |A review of eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Journal of the National Medical Association |. Journal of the National Medical Association }}{{#if:98 | 98 }}{{#if:10 | (10) }}{{#if:1616-9 |: 1616-9 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:17052051 |. PMID 17052051 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  18. ↑ {{#if:Lee C, Changchien C, Chen P, Lin D, Sheen I, Wang C, Tai D, Sheen-Chen S, Chen W, Wu C |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Lee C, Changchien C, Chen P, Lin D, Sheen I, Wang C, Tai D, Sheen-Chen S, Chen W, Wu C }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Lee C, Changchien C, Chen P, Lin D, Sheen I, Wang C, Tai D, Sheen-Chen S, Chen W, Wu C }} }} }}{{#if:Lee C, Changchien C, Chen P, Lin D, Sheen I, Wang C, Tai D, Sheen-Chen S, Chen W, Wu C |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1993 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1993) | (1993) }} }} }}{{#if:Lee C, Changchien C, Chen P, Lin D, Sheen I, Wang C, Tai D, Sheen-Chen S, Chen W, Wu C | . }}{{#if:Lee C, Changchien C, Chen P, Lin D, Sheen I, Wang C, Tai D, Sheen-Chen S, Chen W, Wu C1993 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: 10 years experience] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: 10 years experience }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Am. J. Gastroenterol. |. Am. J. Gastroenterol. }}{{#if:88 | 88 }}{{#if:1 | (1) }}{{#if:70-4 |: 70-4 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:8420276 |. PMID 8420276 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  19. ↑ {{#if:Miyamoto T, Shibata T, Matsuura S, Kagesawa M, Ishizawa Y, Tamiya K |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Miyamoto T, Shibata T, Matsuura S, Kagesawa M, Ishizawa Y, Tamiya K }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Miyamoto T, Shibata T, Matsuura S, Kagesawa M, Ishizawa Y, Tamiya K }} }} }}{{#if:Miyamoto T, Shibata T, Matsuura S, Kagesawa M, Ishizawa Y, Tamiya K |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1996 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1996) | (1996) }} }} }}{{#if:Miyamoto T, Shibata T, Matsuura S, Kagesawa M, Ishizawa Y, Tamiya K | . }}{{#if:Miyamoto T, Shibata T, Matsuura S, Kagesawa M, Ishizawa Y, Tamiya K1996 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ileus and ascites] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ileus and ascites }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Intern. Med. |. Intern. Med. }}{{#if:35 | 35 }}{{#if:10 | (10) }}{{#if:779-82 |: 779-82 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:8933185 |. PMID 8933185 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }})
  20. ↑ {{#if:Lyngbaek S, Adamsen S, Aru A, Bergenfeldt M |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Lyngbaek S, Adamsen S, Aru A, Bergenfeldt M }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Lyngbaek S, Adamsen S, Aru A, Bergenfeldt M }} }} }}{{#if:Lyngbaek S, Adamsen S, Aru A, Bergenfeldt M |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2006 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2006) | (2006) }} }} }}{{#if:Lyngbaek S, Adamsen S, Aru A, Bergenfeldt M | . }}{{#if:Lyngbaek S, Adamsen S, Aru A, Bergenfeldt M2006 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Recurrent acute pancreatitis due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Case report and literature review] |Recurrent acute pancreatitis due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Case report and literature review }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:JOP |. JOP }}{{#if:7 | 7 }}{{#if:2 | (2) }}{{#if:211-7 |: 211-7 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:16525206 |. PMID 16525206 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 {{#if:Talley N, Shorter R, Phillips S, Zinsmeister A |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Talley N, Shorter R, Phillips S, Zinsmeister A }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Talley N, Shorter R, Phillips S, Zinsmeister A }} }} }}{{#if:Talley N, Shorter R, Phillips S, Zinsmeister A |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1990 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1990) | (1990) }} }} }}{{#if:Talley N, Shorter R, Phillips S, Zinsmeister A | . }}{{#if:Talley N, Shorter R, Phillips S, Zinsmeister A1990 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a clinicopathological study of patients with disease of the mucosa, muscle layer, and subserosal tissues] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a clinicopathological study of patients with disease of the mucosa, muscle layer, and subserosal tissues }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Gut |. Gut }}{{#if:31 | 31 }}{{#if:1 | (1) }}{{#if:54-8 |: 54-8 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:2318432 |. PMID 2318432 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 {{#if:Chen M, Chu C, Lin S, Shih S, Wang T |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Chen M, Chu C, Lin S, Shih S, Wang T }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Chen M, Chu C, Lin S, Shih S, Wang T }} }} }}{{#if:Chen M, Chu C, Lin S, Shih S, Wang T |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2003 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2003) | (2003) }} }} }}{{#if:Chen M, Chu C, Lin S, Shih S, Wang T | . }}{{#if:Chen M, Chu C, Lin S, Shih S, Wang T2003 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: clinical experience with 15 patients] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: clinical experience with 15 patients }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:World J. Gastroenterol. |. World J. Gastroenterol. }}{{#if:9 | 9 }}{{#if:12 | (12) }}{{#if:2813-6 |: 2813-6 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:14669340 |. PMID 14669340 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  23. ↑ {{#if:Johnstone J, Morson B |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Johnstone J, Morson B }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Johnstone J, Morson B }} }} }}{{#if:Johnstone J, Morson B |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1978 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1978) | (1978) }} }} }}{{#if:Johnstone J, Morson B | . }}{{#if:Johnstone J, Morson B1978 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Histopathology |. Histopathology }}{{#if:2 | 2 }}{{#if:5 | (5) }}{{#if:335-48 |: 335-48 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:363591 |. PMID 363591 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  24. ↑ {{#if:Katz A, Goldman H, Grand R |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Katz A, Goldman H, Grand R }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Katz A, Goldman H, Grand R }} }} }}{{#if:Katz A, Goldman H, Grand R |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1977 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1977) | (1977) }} }} }}{{#if:Katz A, Goldman H, Grand R | . }}{{#if:Katz A, Goldman H, Grand R1977 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Gastric mucosal biopsy in eosinophilic (allergic) gastroenteritis] |Gastric mucosal biopsy in eosinophilic (allergic) gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Gastroenterology |. Gastroenterology }}{{#if:73 | 73 }}{{#if:4 Pt 1 | (4 Pt 1) }}{{#if:705-9 |: 705-9 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:892374 |. PMID 892374 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  25. ↑ {{#if:Lee K, Hahm K, Kim Y, Kim J, Cho S, Jie H, Park C, Yim H |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Lee K, Hahm K, Kim Y, Kim J, Cho S, Jie H, Park C, Yim H }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Lee K, Hahm K, Kim Y, Kim J, Cho S, Jie H, Park C, Yim H }} }} }}{{#if:Lee K, Hahm K, Kim Y, Kim J, Cho S, Jie H, Park C, Yim H |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1997 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1997) | (1997) }} }} }}{{#if:Lee K, Hahm K, Kim Y, Kim J, Cho S, Jie H, Park C, Yim H | . }}{{#if:Lee K, Hahm K, Kim Y, Kim J, Cho S, Jie H, Park C, Yim H1997 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} The usefulness of Tc-99m HMPAO labeled WBC SPECT in eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |The usefulness of Tc-99m HMPAO labeled WBC SPECT in eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Clinical nuclear medicine |. Clinical nuclear medicine }}{{#if:22 | 22 }}{{#if:8 | (8) }}{{#if:536-41 |: 536-41 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:9262899 |. PMID 9262899 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  26. ↑ {{#if:Imai E, Kaminaga T, Kawasugi K, Yokokawa T, Furui S |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Imai E, Kaminaga T, Kawasugi K, Yokokawa T, Furui S }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Imai E, Kaminaga T, Kawasugi K, Yokokawa T, Furui S }} }} }}{{#if:Imai E, Kaminaga T, Kawasugi K, Yokokawa T, Furui S |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2003 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2003) | (2003) }} }} }}{{#if:Imai E, Kaminaga T, Kawasugi K, Yokokawa T, Furui S | . }}{{#if:Imai E, Kaminaga T, Kawasugi K, Yokokawa T, Furui S2003 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} The usefulness of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime white blood cell scintigraphy in a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis] |The usefulness of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime white blood cell scintigraphy in a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Annals of nuclear medicine |. Annals of nuclear medicine }}{{#if:17 | 17 }}{{#if:7 | (7) }}{{#if:601-3 |: 601-3 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:14651361 |. PMID 14651361 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  27. ↑ {{#if:Matsushita M, Hajiro K, Morita Y, Takakuwa H, Suzaki T |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Matsushita M, Hajiro K, Morita Y, Takakuwa H, Suzaki T }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Matsushita M, Hajiro K, Morita Y, Takakuwa H, Suzaki T }} }} }}{{#if:Matsushita M, Hajiro K, Morita Y, Takakuwa H, Suzaki T |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1995 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1995) | (1995) }} }} }}{{#if:Matsushita M, Hajiro K, Morita Y, Takakuwa H, Suzaki T | . }}{{#if:Matsushita M, Hajiro K, Morita Y, Takakuwa H, Suzaki T1995 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis involving the entire digestive tract] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis involving the entire digestive tract }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:Am. J. Gastroenterol. |. Am. J. Gastroenterol. }}{{#if:90 | 90 }}{{#if:10 | (10) }}{{#if:1868-70 |: 1868-70 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:7572911 |. PMID 7572911 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  28. ↑ {{#if:Barbie D, Mangi A, Lauwers G |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Barbie D, Mangi A, Lauwers G }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Barbie D, Mangi A, Lauwers G }} }} }}{{#if:Barbie D, Mangi A, Lauwers G |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:2004 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 2004) | (2004) }} }} }}{{#if:Barbie D, Mangi A, Lauwers G | . }}{{#if:Barbie D, Mangi A, Lauwers G2004 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Eosinophilic gastroenteritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus] |Eosinophilic gastroenteritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. }}{{#if:38 | 38 }}{{#if:10 | (10) }}{{#if:883-6 |: 883-6 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:15492606 |. PMID 15492606 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  29. ↑ {{#if:Katz A, Twarog F, Zeiger R, Falchuk Z |{{#if: |[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Katz A, Twarog F, Zeiger R, Falchuk Z }}]] |{{#if: |{{{last}}}{{#if: |, {{{first}}} }} |Katz A, Twarog F, Zeiger R, Falchuk Z }} }} }}{{#if:Katz A, Twarog F, Zeiger R, Falchuk Z |{{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) |{{#if:1984 |{{#if: | ({{{month}}} 1984) | (1984) }} }} }}{{#if:Katz A, Twarog F, Zeiger R, Falchuk Z | . }}{{#if:Katz A, Twarog F, Zeiger R, Falchuk Z1984 | }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if: |“|"}} }}{{#if: |[{{{url}}} Milk-sensitive and eosinophilic gastroenteropathy: similar clinical features with contrasting mechanisms and clinical course] |Milk-sensitive and eosinophilic gastroenteropathy: similar clinical features with contrasting mechanisms and clinical course }}{{#ifeq: | no | | {{#if:|”|"}} }}{{#if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if:J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. }}{{#if:74 | 74 }}{{#if:1 | (1) }}{{#if:72-8 |: 72-8 }}{{#if: |. {{#if: |{{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: |. doi:{{{doi}}} }}{{#if: |. ISSN {{{issn}}} }}{{#if:6547462 |. PMID 6547462 }}{{#if: |. Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}} }}{{#if: |. OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{#if: |. {{{id}}} }}{{#if: |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]]{{#if: | , [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}} }}{{#if: |. [{{{laysummary}}} Lay summary]{{#if: | – {{{laysource}}}}} }}{{#if: | ([[{{{laydate}}}]]) }}.{{#if: | “{{{quote}}}” }}
  30. ↑ {{ #if: Guandalini | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Guandalini | Guandalini{{ #if: Stefano | , Stefano }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Guandalini | Guandalini{{ #if: Stefano | , Stefano }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Guandalini | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{ #if: 2004 | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} 2004) | (2004) }} }} }}{{ #if: Guandalini | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: | [{{{url}}} Essential Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition] | Essential Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: | (in {{{language}}}) }}{{ #if: McGraw-Hill Professional | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: City | City: }}McGraw-Hill Professional }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 0071416307 | . ISBN 0071416307 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }}  Page 210.

Template:Allergic conditions

External links

  • Eosinophilic Enteropathy - Mahalo
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