Thyrotropic insufficiency

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Thyrotropic insufficiency, also known as thyrotrophic insufficiency or thyrotropic deficiency, is partial insufficiency of the anterior pituitary or the respective component of total hypopituitarism, where deficient thyrotropin secretion leads to understimulation of the thyroid gland with consecutive secondary hypothyroidism.

Contents 1 Classification 2 Etiology 3 Diagnosis 4 Therapy 5 References 6 Additional Reference

Classification

Depending from severity the following types are differentiated^[1]:

• partial thyrotropic insufficiency with residual pituitary function:
  • Type 1 (Early phase: TSH reduced, FT4 normal)
  • Type 2 (Later phase: TSH normal, FT4 reduced)
• complete thyrotropic insufficiency (TSH and FT4 reduced).

Etiology

Thyrotropic insufficiency may be caused by the following disorders:

• Pituitary apoplexy
• Pituitary adenoma
• Pickardt-Fahlbusch syndrome
• Hypothalamic damage (with consecutive tertiary hypothyroidism)
• Craniocerebral injury
• Hypophysitis

Diagnosis

Thyrotropic insufficiency is diagnosed by TRH test or by calculating Jostel's TSH index.

Therapy

Treatment relies on substitution with thyroxine. However, the substitution dose is adjusted in dependence from FT4 levels and not (as usual in primary hypothyroidism) from TSH levels.

References

1. ↑ Dietrich JW, Landgrafe, G, Fotiadou, EH. TSH and Thyrotropic Agonists: Key Actors in Thyroid Homeostasis Journal of Thyroid Research, vol. 2012, Article ID 351864, 29 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/351864. PMID 23365787.

Additional Reference

• Rappaport R, Comar D, Rivière R, Cachin O, Royer P. L'insuffisance thyreotrope: exploration fonctionnelle et etude clinique (a propos de 28 observations d'insuffisance hypothalamo-hypophysaire) [Thyrotropic insufficiency: functional exploration and clinical study (apropos of 28 cases of hypothalamo-hypophyseal insufficiency)]. Arch Fr Pediatr. 1967 Apr;24(4):399-413. French. PMID 6077788.